| Term | Definition | Formula |
| Age specific fertility rate |
Number of live births to a given age group |
num. of live births / num. of woman in that age group |
| Age specific death rate |
Number of deaths for a given age group |
| Ageing Population |
A population dominated by old age, retired people who are no longer or less economically active 65+. Caused by a high life expectancy & falling birth rate. |
| Birth Rate |
Number of live births per 1000 people |
live births / total population * 1 000
|
| Carrying Capacity |
The number of people that can be supported by the available resources of a given area/ecosystem.
|
| Child Mortality |
Number of children who die under 5 years of age. It encompasses both infant and neonatal mortlaity. NB: the age range may differ, some consider the child range below 14 yrs |
| Death Rate/ Crude Death Rate |
Number of deaths per 1000 people |
deaths / total population * 1 000 |
| Dependency Ratio |
Number of uneconomically active people between 0 - 14 & 65 + who are dependent on 15 - 64 working age group. |
(0 - 14 + 65+)/ 15- 64
|
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DTM
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A model showing birth & death rate changes and the resultant population changes at different stages of a population.
|
| Emigrant |
One who leaves his/her place of living (country, city, town or village) to permanently or temporarily settle in a new area. |
| Fecundity |
The ability to reproduce offsprings. |
| Fertility |
The reproductivity of an individual or the whole population |
| Fertility rate |
Number of live birth ages 15 - 49 per 1 000 woman |
num. of births /woman 15 - 49 * 1 000 |
| Immigrant |
One who settles in another area from somewhere. |
| Infant Mortality |
Number of children per 1 000 live births who die below one year. They encompass neonatal mortality and are in the under 5 mortality group. |
Num. of deaths below 1 yr / Num. of live births *1 000 |
| Life Expectancy |
The number of years a person is expected to live if current mortality trends where to prevail throughout his/her lifetime. |
| Maternal Mortality |
The number of woman who die during pregnancy (pregnancy related deaths) or after 42 days (but less than a year) of delivery per 100 000 live births. |
num. of maternal deaths / total num. of live births * 100 000 |
| Natural Change |
The differences between births and deaths in a population. Natural change can be an increase or decrease. Natural increase is when births are higher than deaths whereas natural decrease deaths are higher than births(negative). Natural change is a contributor to population growth along with migration. |
num. of births - num. of deaths |
| Neonatal Mortality |
Number of children per 1 000 live births who die, usually before a month but before a year. They are in the under 5 and infant mortality genre. |
num. of infant deaths > 28 and > 1 year/live births * 1 000 |
| Net migration |
Net effect of immigrants or emigrants in an area. |
immigrants - emigrants |
| Population Change/ Population Growth |
An increase or decrease in population due to natural change and migration. |
Natural change (births - deaths) + Net migration |
| Replacement level |
The least number of children need to be reproduced by a woman in order to replace them in the population over the next generation. Recommended replacement level is 2.1 per woman but can vary with countries and mortality trends |
| Stillbirth |
A lifeless (dead) baby after 28 weeks of pregnancy. |
| Total Fertility Rate |
The number of children that would be born to a woman during her lifetime if she conformed to the age specific fertility rates of given year. |
5 ∑ age specific fertility rate |
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Fertility and Birth Rates
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